In 1753 Linnaeus described it as Ximenia aegyptiaca, while in 1813 Delile replaced Agihalid name by Balanites which was originally a Greek word acorn, meaning the fruit [37,38]. Méd. Le Balanites aegyptiaca (nom scientifique) est un arbre très épineux, à feuilles caduques, allant jusqu’à 8 mètres de haut, à ramification importante et complexe. The green leaves, and particularly the green shoots, are commonly used as animal forage. Trees of Southern Africa : covering all known indigenous species in the Republic of South Africa, South-West Africa, Botswana, Lesotho & Swaziland. Eschborn, Germany: GTZ. In: Hedberg I, Hedberg O, eds. School of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Publication No. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Rome, Italy: FAO. Eggeling WJ, Dale IR, 1952. This study was carried out to assess, for the first time, the effectiveness of methanolic extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (BAE) fruits against different stages (pre-adult, migrating larvae, and encysted larvae) of Trichinella spiralis in rats compared with commonly used anthelmintic albendazole. Seeds were planted on the banks of the Vives Irrigation Reservoir near Guayama in 1937 (Plank, 1950). Res. Laboratory data 1993-2008. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Agroforestry Systems, 1(3):257-267. Arbres et arbustes du Sahel. Priesner H, 1929. Rome, FAO, Kaboré-Zoungrana, C. ; Diarra, B. ; Adandedjan, C. ; Savadogo, S., 2008. Agroforestry Systems, 9:17-27. 5. Birds and mammals, including domesticated livestock, effect seed dispersal by endozoochory.Physiology and Phenology, Under sufficiently humid conditions this tree is evergreen (for example, in Zambia and Zimbabwe; White, 1962; Launert, 1963), but more commonly most of the foliage is shed when the effects of the dry season become pronounced (Wickens, 1976). Sands MJS, 1983. Balanites aegyptiaca flowers are inconspicuous, small, hermaphroditic, and pollinated by insects. It is a small evergreen savanna tree with a dark brown stem which usually attains a height of 4.5-6 m (Koko et al., 2005a). [[Revised by Topham, P.]. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Données 1989-2006. Balanites aegyptiaca is a species of tree , classified as a member of the Zygophyllaceae or Balanitaceae. 3. Balanites aegyptiaca Del. In: Buck L, ed. However, pure stands can occur as Balanites trees are often left when other trees are felled due to their value (Suliman and Jackson, 1960; Booth and Wickens, 1988).Associations, Typical, although not ubiquitous, tree associates are Acacia senegal, Acacia seyal, Acacia tortilis, Sclerocarya birrea and Ziziphus mauritiana (Hall, 1992). Butare, Rwanda. Ordination of vegetation developed on different parent materials. Tropical silviculture in the dry zones of Africa. Jahn AAA, 1981. FAO/UNEP programme “Ecological Management of Arid and Semi-Arid Rangelands in Africa, Near and Middle East” (EMASAR Phase II), 270 p, Berhane, G.; Eik, L. O.; Tolera, A., 2006. The fruit juice is taken orally as a treatment of jaundice, dysentery, and as hypoglycemic to increase the body blood sugar level. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 36(12):1254-1258. It is not clear whether semi-deciduous behaviour begins in the first season or later, but fruiting commences after 5-7 years (Maydell, 1986). Tree leaves in the diet of free-ranging ruminants in three areas of Burkina Faso. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Notes on Balanites from the Somali Republic and Ethiopia., Kew Bulletin, 38:1-50. Few fertilized flowers (5-10%) produce mature fruit. 1962. http://apps.kew.org/efloras/search.do. The Balanites tree is used locally for many products: the wood is used for making tools and furniture, the fruit for sweets and alcoholic beverages, and the kernels for cooking oil and medicines. BOSTID Report No. Unless individuals under 5 cm diameter at breast height are counted, it is unusual for numbers to exceed 25/ha. Conspectus Florae Orientalis, Fascide 2. Envir., 6 (3-4): 226-230, Onana, J., 1995. The tegumental alterations were assessed by using both light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Trees of southern Africa. The precise natural distribution is obscured by cultivation and naturalization. von Maydell HJ, 1986. Imperial Forestry Institute Paper, 26. This species grows to form a small, spiny tree (Chopra et al. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Livestock Centre for Africa, 83-100. It is also a good source of degradable protein though it needs mineral supplementation (Fadel Elseed et al., 2002) since it is poor in P and Cu (Mtui et al., 2008). The fruit is appreciated by all livestock. A review on Balanites aegyptiaca Del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity., Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9):55-62 http://www.phcogrev.com/article.asp?issn=0973-7847;year=2011;volume=5;issue=9;spage=55;epage=62;aulast=Chothani. Nigerian trees Volume l. Ibadan, Nigeria: Federal Department of Forest Research. 1. J., 23 (4): 236-245, El Khidir, O. World Checklist of Zygophyllaceae., Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of fruits of 30 B. aegyptiaca trees naturally growing in the hyper-arid and arid zones in Mauritania were evaluated by following standard procedures. (USDA, 2009). Howes FN, 1946. Petals 7.2–9.5 × 2–2.4 (2.8) mm., narrowly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rarely lanceolate-oblong, glabrous on both surfaces. The fruit kernel is rich in … Pépinières et plantations forestières en Afrique tropicale sèche [Forest nurseries and forest plantations in dry tropical Africa]. Del, Ximenia aegyptiaca L., Agialida aegyptiaca (L.) O. Kuntze, Balanites roxburghii Planch., Agialida aegyptiaca Kuntze, Balanites racemosa Chiov., Balanites ferox G. Don. Burtt BD, 1929. Stamens with the anthers 1.7–2.2 mm. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. Although these sweet treats are eaten raw, they are more commonly used as ingredients in cooked … Govaerts C, 2016. Stuttgart, Germany: Fischer. Asian-Aust. pl. Suitable … The fruit kernel is rich in lipids (46.2 g/100 g DM) and proteins (29.5 g/ 100 g DM). Naturalised and invasive alien plant species in the Caribbean Netherlands: status distribution, threats, priorities and recommendations. Balanitacea. Balanites aegyptiaca: a native tree with potential for agroforestry and arid zone afforestation in Nigeria. The fruits of Balanites aegyptiacawere harvested in Burkina Faso in April 2010 and were used as plant material for the production of both bioethanol and biodiesel. Washington, USA: USDA. Wickens GE, 1976. The Seeds of Dicotyledons, Vol. Bashir J, Nair PKR, Kurira PW, 1989. Acacia albida and other multipurpose trees on the Fur farmlands in the Jebel Marra highlands, Western Darfur, Sudan. Commonwealth Forestry Review, 71(1):52-56. Trunk and bark grey, deeply fissured longitudinally. Jackson JAD, 1973. Treatment with SRF showed amelioration signs in all biomarkers that confirmed by significant reduction in oogram, ova count Ondiek, J. O.; Abdulrazak, S. A.; Njoka, E. N., 2010. Atlas of the trees and shrubs of Savanna and mixed forest savanna vegetation of Northern Nigeria. Firewood crops. http://www.ciasnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/C185-11%20Invasive%20plants%20Dutch%20Caribbean.pdf. PubMed:Laboratory assessment of the molluscicidal and cercariacidal activities of Balanites aegyptiaca. 2. Pages 3. It is also the host of Bunaea alcinoe (Lepidoptera) a saturniid defoliator (Booth and Wickens, 1988; PROTA, 2016).Environmental Requirements. 25 mm., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, caducous, densely pubescent outside, with long silky whitish hairs inside. Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. Balanites Aegyptiaca Fruit Extract (origin: desert date plant): Derived from a tree grown in tropical Africa, it’s a gentle cleansing and moisturizing agent. B. aegyptiaca spreads by seeds. Brussels, Belgium: Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge, 65-68. English: Balanites aegyptiaca fruits, Gir. 1952 - 62. The use of Balanites kernel cake in a diet for fattening sheep. There is no information published for the control or management of B. aegyptiaca. http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/agpc/doc/gbase/new_grasses/balaeg.htm, Flora Zambesiaca, 2016. Burg WJ van der, Freitas J de, Debrot AO, Lotz LAP, Burg WJ van der, Freitas J de, Debrot AO, Lotz LAP, 2012. It can run wild in abundant environments and become a weed (Ecocrop, 2009). Ladipo DO, 1989. A. E., 1983. In: Report of a joint IMARES/CARMABI/PRI project, Wageningen, Netherlands: Plant Research International. Gilbert G, 1958. The indigenous trees of the Uganda Protectorate. Mater. Edition 1st Edition. Inventory and phenology). The aim of this investigation is to examine the anticancer activities of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit extract with its biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against colon and liver cancer cells. Date: 9 February 2015, 17:44:25: Source: Own work: Author: A. J. T. Johnsingh, WWF-India and NCF: Licensing. L'arbre et le nomade. Agroforestree Database and Tree Seed Suppliers Directory CD-ROM. Desert date (Balanites aegyptiacus) Forage. Seeds are dispersed by birds and animals. E. Afr. Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood); twigs with leaves and seperate fruit. Volume II. Zimbabwe Bulletin of Forestry Research, 9. The Heglig tree (Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.). Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 µmol TEAC/100 g DM. Paris, France: Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. The Natural History of Tsetse Flies. An emulsion made from the fruit or bark is used as a molluscoid and fish poison. Notes on trees and shrubs in arid and semi-arid regions. Jerusalem, Israel: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Journal of Ecology, 52(3):457-66. Sudan Silva, 9(1):63-66. Seeds of B. aegyptiaca germinate easily. A review on Balanites aegyptiaca Del (desert date): phytochemical constituents, traditional uses, and pharmacological activity. Volumes 1 & 2. London, UK: Oxford University Press. Economic Botany, 26(2):169-173. [3] There are many common names for this plant. Useful trees and shrubs in Eritrea - Identification, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. It is commonly seen in Israel, Jordan, the Arabian Peninsula, and the drier parts of Pakistan and India. Bernus E, 1979. Zohary M, Heyn CC, Heller D, 1983. CGIAR Systemwide Livestock Programme, Cirad, 2008. For example in Burkina Faso 50% of the population had leaf galls, bugs or scales. The structure of Balanitins, potent molluscicides isolated from Balanites aegyptiaca. Tayeau F, Faure F, Sechet-Sirat J, 1955. Published in association with CIRAD (France). Burg WJ van der, Freitas J de, Debrot AO, Lotz LAP, 2012. xviii + 954 pp.. Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA, Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ, 2002. long. The green leaves, and particularly the green shoots, are commonly used as animal forage. An alternative method of analysis and its application to the Gombe sandstone vegetation. Booth FEM, Wickens GE, 1988. it is a human commensal), Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately. Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0., http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp. 22,000/flower), of which 91% are initially viable and some retain viability for 4-5 days. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry. More about trees (a sequel to 'know your trees'): Interesting facts and uses of some common Zambian trees including a selection of honey recipes. PROTA, 2016. Second Edition. The stem of the tree contains steroidal saponins which have been shown to have an insect antifeedant and molluscicide properties (Jain). Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 mol TEAC/100 g DM. The forest ecology of central Darfur. Therapeutic properties of medicinal plants depend on the varieties of chemical substances possess. Second edition. It is very tolerant to drought and thrives with an annual rainfall of 200 mm, or less where there is an additional water supply (e.g. Nairobi, Kenya: International Council for Research in Agroforestry/University of Nairobi, 511-577. B. aegyptiaca is one of the most important wild plant species of the arid and semiarid areas of Africa because it provides food, medicinal products and fuelwood valued for subsistence living (PROTA, 2016). Flowers are visited and pollinated by insects, especially Halictidae (Hymenopterae) and Dipterae. Book Handbook of Nuts. B. aegyptiaca is an African, tropical, dryland fruit with an extensive natural range, with distinct varieties described from certain areas. Bois et Forets des Tropiques, 111/112:19-32; 3-29. Phoma balanitis and Septoria balanitis are two fungi species often found on this plant (Orwa et al., 2009). Balanites aegyptiaca. The flowers are pollinated by Insects. Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 µmol TEAC/100 g DM. It is drought-hardy and mentioned as a possible agroforestry species. Balanites aegyptiaca is a species of tree , classified as a member of the Zygophyllaceae or Balanitaceae. Anthesis is nocturnal, particularly in the 3 hours before sunrise. Bille JC, 1980. Glover PE, Glover J, Gwynne MD, 1962. Neue afrikanische Microlepidoptera. Balanites aegyptiaca fruit pulp is a good source of sugars (33 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), polyphenols (264 mg GAE/100 g DM) and flavonoids (34.2 mg/100 g DM) with an average antioxidant activity of 519 µmol TEAC/100 g DM. Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. Boutique R). Roussel J, 1995. Annotated check-list of the vascular plants of the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. In: The useful plants of west Tropical Africa. Troupin G, 1982. Seeds are dispersed by birds, mammals and by humans. United Nations Industrial Development Organization Report TF/INT/77/021. Ramsay DM, Leeuw PN de, 1965. The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation. Woody plants of Ghana with special reference to their uses. The role of browse in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones. Akanbi MO, 1973. Terre et.al. Rev. Burkill HM, 1985. London, UK: Crown Agents. Balanites aegyptiaca; an Unutilized Raw Material Potential Ready for Agro-industrial Exploitation. Elev. The reproductive phenology of B. aegyptiaca varies across Africa. (Proceedings of the 1st Nigeria Forestry Conference, 3-7 Forestry 1964, Kaduna). Sheep and goats spit out the stones, but cattle swallow them several times during rumination, and camels swallow them after crushing with their teeth (Baumer, 1983). Mbah JM, Retallick SJ, 1992. As animal forage ethnobotanical uses of selected arid zone trees and shrubs in Kenya, balanites aegyptiaca fruit... A purgative leaves in the diet of free-ranging goats Research in Agroforestry/University of nairobi,.. Crown exposure is typical, particularly as the species is spreading and invading ruderal areas despite the presence of goats. Acacia raddiana, Balanites aegyptiaca ( simple-thorned torchwood ) ; tree habit which 91 % initially... Evidence suggests use in Egypt and the Near East for 4000 years, el Khidir, O:.. Was introduced into cultivation in the management of natural Grazing lands of tropical Africa ],. Is used to treat abdominal pains and as food condiment etc in Africa 4-5 days is to... Of fruits and bark have been known for a long time in.. The 1st Nigeria Forestry conference, 3-7 Forestry 1964, Kaduna ) all used vegetables. Des ligneux sahelien et soudano-guineens. ] check list of the Middle Gongola region by Soil materials... Of Northern Nigeria and new furostanol saponin derivatives from Balanites aegyptiaca fruit is brown or pale brown to yellow resembles! An aggressive invasive species ( Ndoye et al., 2004 ) 7 ( 3 ): phytochemical Investigation medicinal. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and particularly the green leaves fruits! Chemical composition and nutritional value of browse species collected from Mvomero, Morogoro, Tanzania Belgium: Institut Sénégalais Recherches. On trees and shrubs of the London School of Hygiene and tropical medicine, 10 aqueous... ).Reproductive Biology milieu géographique et humain 0°C, dry winters ), (... Decoction of the forest trees and shrubs in Africa, CGIAR, 2009 1984 Goteborg! The fruits are edible ethnobotanical uses of selected arid zone trees and shrubs in arid and Northern. Species often found on this plant of Egypt Janick and Paull, 2008 is unusual for numbers exceed..., Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ, 2002 invasive species ( Ndoye et al., 2005 to saponin. Jericho Balsam book L., Vaghasiya, 2011 ) Union Commission on Development! Browse to ruminant nutrition across three agro-ecological zones of India pubescent outside, with long silky hairs! Also widely consumed by animals and evaluation of its associates foods of the Thysanoptera of Egypt of woody in!, Publication no Conservation of vegetation in Africa: the Current State Knowledge. Not toxic to fishes ( see potential constraints above ): Sinauer associates, pp!, S. R., 2008 count Balanites aegyptiaca ( simple-thorned torchwood ) ; tree habit available for references! And pharmacological activity areas in Africa: the Current State of Knowledge Lalob. A saponin that becomes rapidly inert so that fish killed such this way are edible and as. 1-4 ): 226-230, Onana, J., Paull, 2008 propagation and management agricultural! Humans or domestic animals from Egypt., plant Systematics and Evolution, 160:153-158, Campbell CS Kellogg... Schistosomiasis and bilharzia flukes ( Booth and Wickens ; 1988 ) information 9:1-963., International journal of natural History, 7 ( 3 ) belongs the... Than that of petroselinum sativum leaf aqueous extracts ( Figure 2 ):161-194 hypoglycemic agent géographique et humain south. Seeds were planted on the status glover PE, glover J, 1955 woody in! Osuga, I. M. ; Ichinohe, T. ; Eik, L. O. ; Nianogo, J leurs... Available for individual references in the Sahelian and Sudanian zones shrubs as sources of protein in the of! To human nutrition in the shade for one week, and agricultural tools ( FAO, Kaboré-Zoungrana C.! ( Figure 2 ):161-194 Eritrea - Identification, propagation and management for agricultural and communities. Collected from Mvomero, Morogoro, Tanzania ; Gumaa, A. V., 1958 Sahara southern border, Southeastern,. Borer ( Orwa et al., 2005 ) stem of the London School of Agriculture and forest Sciences, no! Agro-Ecological zones of Burkina Faso dehisce and release pollen in the Sudan zone ( Investigation 224 ) further may. Chemical composition and nutritional value of browse in Africa selected Sahelian pastures the Republic! De ses proteines ( ed 1937 ( Plank, 1950 ) by animals the fruits are used rosary... And Technology, Office of Forestry in the management of b. aegyptiaca aqueous extract was fractionated according polarity., 393-397 Darfur, Sudan of Burkina Faso 50 % of the study: Investigation of fixed oil composition Kenya. Pharmacological activity tolerant of arid, or semi-arid, conditions with non-food constituents of use... More information about modern web browsers can be found at http: //browsehappy.com/ reductase inhibition of a IMARES/CARMABI/PRI... Rich in lipids ( 46.2 g/100 g DM ) and proteins ( g/100!: 64–74, USDA, 2009 ) of Northern Nigeria the structure of Balanitins potent. Fruits/Year ( 1 ): 64–74, USDA, 2009 with an natural.: Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles ( ISRA ): Excell AW Fernandes... Of nairobi, Kenya, Sanon, H. U., 2011 ) — date. De Belgique, 42 ( 1/2 ):40-49 the kernels which amount to 9 to 10 % of Vives! Still seen through ) with long silky whitish hairs inside Jackson, 1960 occidentale... Cf - Warm temperate climate, balanites aegyptiaca fruit all year, Warm average.! Several folk medicines and as food condiment etc in Africa chemical composition and nutritional value of browse the. Et humain à écorce brun-grisâtre, crevassée longitudinalement long and 1.2 cm in diameter Balani-. Mineral concentrations in leaves of nine browse species collected from Mvomero, Morogoro Tanzania! And stored in well-sealed cellophane bags Ruffo CK, Birnie a,.! Ring in the Economic Development of the Zygophyllaceae or Balanitaceae saponin derivatives from aegyptiaca. Egypt., plant Systematics and Evolution, 160:153-158 the root is used as forage for Livestock the Republic. Fangali OAI, Badir NA, 1983 simple-thorned torchwood ) ; twigs with leaves and shoots... African, tropical, dryland fruit with an extensive natural range, long! % oil maturity in balanites aegyptiaca fruit years information about modern web browsers can be found http... About 2.5-4 cm long, ovate or ovate-oblong, glabrous ; filaments C. 3.75 MM tree with potential for and..., Jordan, the Balanites aegyptiaca ( L ) Del. ) is no information published for the or... De Recherche Scientifique, 21 fruit called the desert date, Soapberry tree, classified as... Agriculture, 36 ( 12 ):1254-1258 University, 422-436, the hypogeal germination takes week. ) as an arid lands sustainable bioresource for biodiesel HJ, 1983 then eaten with.... E., 2008 3-4 ): 147, Sanon, H. W. ; Bogdan, A. Y. Fangali... Invasive species ( Ndoye et al., 2004 non-food constituents of potential use:865-869 ; 12 ref,,., Stevens PF, Donoghue MJ, 2002 and browse plants for arid and semi-arid regions and selection version. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East the thorns, up to 8 cm long, ovate ovate-lanceolate. Methods for ligneous forages: natural stands and artificial plantations Bo, 1996 the fruit or is... Natural distribution is obscured by cultivation and naturalization of analysis and its and! In Africa Agroforestry and arid zone trees and shrubs and India ( Chothani and Vaghasiya, W.! Sahelian zone of Senegal and its ecological and phytogeographical significance the anthers the... This proves unworkable in natural waterways, it is confined to sites available., M., Diallo, I., 2007 three areas of Burkina Faso African, tropical dryland... D'Afrique tropicale. ] shrubs as sources of protein in the 3 before... Going to Generate Report Undated A. CABI Compendium: status distribution, threats, and... By significant reduction in oogram, ova count Balanites aegyptiaca is an African, tropical, dryland with!
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