Lineage remained uncertain in 1 case. Like all cancers, they are best treated if caught early when they are small. Because of those little tentacles, it is very difficult to get every single tumor cell, which means that there is a reasonable chance of the tumor coming back. Cats with a familial history of IJS should receive special consideration. Or it may be a reaction to both. Chest x-rays are necessary to determine whether there is any evidence of metastasis (spread) to the lungs. Vaccination on the lower limbs and tail has been advocated, such that amputation of the affected leg or tail can be performed if a tumor should occur. A small minority are thought to have a genetic predisposition to develop these tumors, but an exact cause has not been identified. Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats. Ask your healthcare provider if you need to inject the medicine in a certain site. This means that they will spread to other parts of the body. We can think about something called the 3-2-1 rule. Animal Airwaves is a daily radio series that features one-minute segments relating to animal health, ranging from insights into animal behavior to veterinary patient care breakthroughs and trends. This handout provides step by step instructions. 2 A small amount of pain or redness is expected with an intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injection… Injection Site Care. However, other chronic injections such as lufeneron (Program) also have been thought to cause these tumors. You should also take your cat to the vet for any lump that’s over 2 centimeters in diameter. This is one of the better medications in cats that we use for allergies. Injection-site sarcomas in cats are very difficult to treat. Injection site sarcomas arise at sites where the cat previously received an injection. Next Post: Preparing the IV bag, line and needle set up » Footer. With most pets, the best subcutaneous injection sites are located behind the neck and shoulder blades. A lot of the diseases that we are vaccinating cats against are life-threatening, life-limiting, or have a massive impact on the quality of life, as well as being are very common. The nice thing is one injection … See also Syringe and Insulin pen. If a lump is still present three months after injection, If the size of the lump is larger than two centimeters at any time point. The main symptom is … Cats with tumors on the legs, where an amputation can be performed, appear to do better than cats with tumor on the trunk of the body. A vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS) or feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) is a type of malignant tumor found in cats (and often, dogs and ferrets) which has been linked to certain vaccines.VAS has become a concern for veterinarians and cat owners alike and has resulted in changes in recommended vaccine protocols. You may have heard that vaccines are responsible for their formation. Insulin injections should be given immediately after the cat has eaten. While that might seem really extreme, it's very difficult to remove this tumor in any other location. It is common to find a lump at the sight of injection in cats when using Depo-medrol. Cat vaccinations can cause other risks like injection site tumors and immune disease, however such incidences are extremely rare and can be linked to pre-existing genetic and medical conditions. Injection site sarcomas have also been found to develop after a range of other drug injections. Evidence though is mixed, with original tumor size potentially playing the most important role in survival, rather than the post-surgery treatment given. Join in on the conversation! In most cases, the reaction is not serious and goes away on its own. Local recurrence is frequent after surgical excision. Although these types of reactions can occur in other animals, cats seem to have a more extreme reaction, so it’s far more common to see these tumors in cats. That being said, we also need to give our vaccines at an appropriate interval. Insulin injections should be given just under the skin. This talk will focus mostly on Injection site sarcomas (ISS/VAS) with supplementary information on the other types of sarcomas in the cat… An injection-site sarcoma is a tumor of the connective tissues in the cat. My understanding was that the majority of injection-related sarcomas were linked to the use of adjuvants in vaccines (which unfortunately are still used in some veterinary practices, despite the existence of safer, non-adjuvanted alternatives). Insulin pens have shorter needles and no glass. In most cases, if we got a swelling after injection or after vaccination, it will be smaller. This is one reason why vaccines were the first to be implicated. Although it occurs infrequently, the consequences of a malignant tumor developing at a vaccination site … A positive action for insertion of needles into muscles reduces muscle damage and pain and massaging the site after injection disperses the injection … Many people are uncomfortable using syringes to inject insulin into their cats. There are only a few indications that a cat has a fibrosarcoma. Intramuscular injections are more painful than subcutaneous ones. A brief anesthetic episode is necessary so that your cat remains still for treatment. Try to rotate sites also, because repeated injections in the same site can cause a "granuloma" or knot of tissue that has poor blood supply (which means the insulin isn't absorbed well). Cats get this phenomenon called injection site tumor, injection site sarcomas or injection site fibrosarcoma. This question comes after another one of my questions about the side effects of vaccination, where I did talk about injection sites sarcomas rather than vaccine-related sarcomas. Dispose of the used needles and syringes properly. In many cases, cat owners are willing and able to administer these medications at home. Other tumor types have been … The injections are given in the subcutaneous tissue (sub = under, cutaneous = skin), which is considerably looser in the cat than in the human. Injection-site sarcoma is a condition in which a cat develops a tumor at the site of an injection or vaccination. Rather than even being injected with anything, it may be just the act of the needle going in, or it may be the injection of any substance that is triggering this cancer formation. Cats with tumors on the legs, where an amputation can be performed, appear to do better than cats with tumor on the trunk of the body. Report anything you are concerned about to your doctor or nurse. Typically, an injection-site reaction is considered to be any pain, swelling, rash, bleeding, or redness that occurs at the site of an injection, although, serious reactions can occur (see sidebar 1). An alternative site and technique are suggested to ensure a more reliable effect when an intramuscular injection is indicated. These tumors are often called fibrosarcomas, and are most frequently located between the shoulder blades, in the hip … Very rarely, an injection-site … Aggressive surgery can result in a post surgery tumor-free period of over 300 days, compared to only about 80 days if only marginal surgery is able to be performed. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for injection-site sarcoma. Instead, in most cases we are trying to move to the lower thigh or to the lower front leg if possible. Both drugs are given intravenously every 3 weeks for 5-6 treatments. It is likely there is a genetic predisposition to the development of these tumors in certain cats; however, the exact genetic problem has not yet been identified. Radiation therapy is well tolerated by animals. Hang the fluid bag about 3 feet (1 meter) above the level of your cat's head. The most common cell type affected is the fibroblast, giving the tumor the name fibrosarcoma. Many cats tolerate the injections well when given about one to two inches from the middle of the back, near the shoulder blade or hip bone. Figure 1 - Vaccination sites: Recommended injection sites in distal limbs and tail. It is a mass that usually occurs in the skin of a cat at the site of an injection or vaccination. It has now become much clearer that it is actually simply the act of having any form of an injection that can trigger this cancer formation. Injection-site sarcomas (ISS) are also referred to as fibrosarcomas. Whatever’s happening, this inflammation may be resulting in cell mutation and then cancer formation. A fibrosarcoma is a type of cancerous tumor that occasionally occurs in cats. Figure 1 - Vaccination sites: Recommended injection sites in distal limbs and tail. Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) is an aggressive tumor believed to arise from the proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in areas of chronic inflammation, particularly at sites of injection. Surgical removal needs to be wide and deep, as these tumors grow by sending “finger-like” projections of tumor cells among the tissues. The skin entry site is not usually shaved or cleansed prior to subcutaneous injection. A cause and effect relationship has been established for certain vaccines, including rabies and feline leukemia. Filed Under: How To Video. 2. A surgical biopsy is often necessary to make a definitive diagnosis of injection-site sarcoma. Injection site sarcoma, (vaccine associated sarcoma, vaxosarcoma or vaccine site sarcoma) is a rare but aggressive type of cancer which is linked to vaccinations, especially rabies, and feline leukemia vaccines. That vaccines were responsible for causing these tumors in these unfortunate cats. Résumé. In cats, invasive sarcomas (mostly fibrosarcomas), so called “feline injection-site sarcomas” (FISS), are the most serious adverse effect following vaccination. Cats get this phenomenon called injection site tumor, injection site sarcomas or injection site fibrosarcoma. The bottom line is that a wide range of injections are known to result in this disease. Clinical presentation, histology, immunophenotype, FeLV p27 and gp70 expression, and clonality were assessed. The above is a transcript taken from “The Dr Alex Answers Show”. Tumors are caused by vaccines (feline leukemia virus and rabies vaccines), microchips, injections of long-acting antibiotics, long-acting glucocorticoids, lufenuron, and reaction to nonabsorbable suture. Some are afraid to break the glass tube or are too timid to use the long needle. Adjuvants are designed to simply make a vaccine more effective. Keeping injection sites healthy . We do not know which patients are predisposed to these tumors or all of the events that go into development of these tumors. VAS has become a concern for veterinarians and cat … This is a reaction to the needle or to the medicine that was injected. After surgery, there is the potential for other follow-up treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This may be on a table, countertop, or on your lap. An injection-site sarcoma is a tumor of the connective tissues in the cat. The reaction may happen right away. If the injection will be given frequently, try to alternate injection sites. Your vet will tell you how much fluid to give, and whether to give it all in one place or use more than one site. But remember, this is a very rare tumor affecting less than 0.0001% of cats and we can't lose sight of the fact that we're giving any injection. Regardless of why a cat develops an injection-site sarcoma, an inappropriate inflammatory or immunological reaction seems to be the trigger that leads to tumor development. Chemotherapy is extremely well-tolerated in cats. It is really important to take vary good care of your injection sites. The most common injection-site sarcoma in cats is a fibrosarcoma. If those are happening, then we absolutely need to get onto it straight away at the earliest opportunity. [1] We look at the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of injection site sarcoma in cats. Sometimes giving an injection is the only option to effectively treat a cat. If necessary, ask someone to help you hold your cat. Cat owners should frequently monitor injection sites including the legs and shoulder blades to check for any unusual growths. An injection site sarcoma is a nasty, aggressive tumor. They are very rare, but there is a real risk none-the-less. That’s 0.003 - 0.01%! Injection site sarcomas typically develop as firm masses at the site of vaccination. Two chemotherapy drugs, doxorubicin and carboplatin, have shown activity against injection-site sarcomas. That is going to depend on the surgery, how that went and what resources are available in your area. Radiation therapy combined with surgery has been shown to significantly improve survival over surgery alone. If we can get some advanced imaging, then we're going to have a much better chance of removing it completely by visualizing exactly where the tumor is invading. The reason this can be a challenge is that sometimes there are little tendrils or little tentacles sent out in different directions, which are very difficult if not impossible to pick up either before surgery or even during surgery by site and feel alone. Below are pictures of Jock, a hairless Sphynx cat, receiving an injection. A Word From Verywell . Previous Post: « Administering SQ fluids positively! Vaccines are just the most common injection that most cats will get. Both of which contain adjuvants. Cats with “clean” surgery margins often do better, but tumors have been noted to regrow, even with “clean” margins. You might also see it written as FISS, standing for feline injection-site … The hair may be wetted with alcohol to better define the skin surface so the injection is not given in the haircoat. These tumors are often called fibrosarcomas, and are most frequently located between the shoulder blades, in the hip region, and in the back legs. Naturally, you may be wondering what safe injection sites have to do with rehab. It is not clear that any adjuvants are responsible to any greater degree than some of the other substances injected that can cause an injection site sarcoma in cats. If you notice that the lump is still present and continues to grow 3 weeks after the injection, contact your vet. Healthcare professionals often give intramuscular injections into the ventrogluteal muscle of the hip. 2. if the mass is at least 2 centimeters (3/4 of an inch) in diameter, or. Cutaneous lymphomas at injection sites (CLIS) shared some clinical and pathological features with feline injection site sarcomas and with lymphomas developing … A soft lump will develop under the skin at the site … If your cat is severely dehydrated, the medication you administer may not be fully absorbed. If you would like me to answer any question you have about your pet’s health, simply fill in this form and I’ll try and get you the information that you need. Are certain cats genetically predisposed to developing these tumors, or genetically more likely to suffer from injection site sarcomas compared to other cats? The tumors are often located between the shoulder blades, in the hip region, and in the back legs. Regardless of underlying tissue type, all injection site sarcomas behave as locally aggressive tumors with a modest chance of spread to … However, sometimes it is difficult to differentiate an injection-site sarcoma from a vaccine reaction or granuloma on aspirates. From dogs, cats, birds and exotics to horses, cattle, llamas, pigs and many other large farm or food animals, our experienced veterinary staff is ready to assist. Allow your cat to eat a meal before administering the injection. Left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body. What items do I need to give an injection? However, some supporters of safe injection sites … The 2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report included recommendations for specific vaccine antigens to be … The risk of not vaccinating for certain diseases may be much higher than the risk of tumor development. Is there an actual problem within a certain line of cats? Certainly, younger cats are really not going to be getting many other injections at all. How to Administer a Quadriceps Intramuscular Injection in a Cat. They are mesenchymal tumors that are locally invasive and have a low to moderate chance of spreading to other sites (metastases). There is even one case of injection sites sarcoma following microchip implantation. An injection-site sarcoma can occur after any injection, including an antibiotic, steroid or subcutaneous fluids. Visit the UF Small Animal and Large Animal Hospitals. It is a mass that usually occurs in the skin of a cat at the site of an injection or vaccination. These have been strongly implicated in the past. Because of this, fibrosarcomas are also referred to as injection site … Most are ergonomic and do not require pushing a plunger. Find the injection site, using the techniques your veterinarian demonstrated for you. The most common cell type affected is the fibroblast, giving the tumor the name fibrosarcoma. Needle aspirates are useful in increasing your veterinarian’s suspicion of cancer. Courtesy of Johannes Hirschberger, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany reaction at the site of an injection acts as a trig-ger for subsequent malignant transformation. The edges of the biopsy are evaluated to determine whether the margins are “clean” (no evidence of tumor cells at surgery margins) or “dirty” (tumor cells extend to surgery edge). Non-injection site sarcomas are not as common, but do occur. Intramuscular injections are for medicines that people must inject into a muscle rather than the bloodstream or fatty tissue. If you aren’t comfortable administering the medicine, ask your veterinary care team if the injections can be done at their office. If you’re not aware what an adjuvant is, they are substances that are administered as part of a vaccine to enhance it’s effect, stimulating a better immune response with more antibodies being produced along with a longer lasting immunity. An injection-site sarcoma (also … We are a participant in the Amazon Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon and affiliated sites. Signs of Fibrosarcomas in Cats . Some have trouble handling syringes or using the plunger, especially if the cat becomes agitated. INJECTION SITE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMA IN THE CAT Treatment recommendations and results to date Practical relevance: Feline injection site-associated sarcomas (FISSs) have been the cause of much controversy and concern since they were first reported in the early 1990s. SPECIAL article/ Feline injection-site sarcoma Figure 1 (a–c) Cats with feline injection-site sarcoma. It will not persist for that length of time and it is not going to be increasing in size a month after injection. Ideally, surgery will be guided by CT or MRI scanning so that your vet can see the exact nature of the tumor. The tumor types behave similarly and are therefore treated the same way. If you have learned to give yourself or someone else IM injections, be aware that not all injections are IM. A small lump immediately following vaccination or any injection is not unusual, but it should not persist for any longer than a couple of weeks. In most instances, surgery alone is not curative and other treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy are recommended as an adjunct to surgery. In the case of other injections, they are clearly needed if your cat is unwell. Make sure to keep an eye out for any side effects such as pain, redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or drainage at the injection site. The cause of injection-site sarcoma in cats is unclear. It's moved from the scruff, the traditional injection site between the shoulder blades where there is a lot of skin that are not very sensitive. Because of the potential for injection site reactions, we give each vaccine in a specific location that is noted in the cat's … They develop at sites of a vaccination or … A theoretical causal relationship between rabies vaccination and fibrosarcomas was first recognised in the USA in 1991, with successive studies linking increased usage of rabies and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines and the development of these tumours. Raising it to around 2 years, compared to only 1 year without radiation (source). Giving injections to a cat requires skill, patience, and confidence. Injection site sarcoma in cats is a serious, aggressive, frequently fatal cat tumor. The sites where injections are given should be at least 1 inch away from each other. The 2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report included recommendations for specific vaccine antigens to be administered at specific anatomical locations in the distal limbs. Needle size for subcutaneous injection ranges from 18 to 25 gauge. Learn the safest and most effective way to give your pet a subcutaneous (under the skin) injection at home. If you're administering subcutaneous injections to your cat, it is imperative that your cat remain hydrated prior to and following the injection. Metastasis (spread) to other parts of the body is reported between 10-25%. Doxorubicin in combination with surgery may be better than surgery alone. Vaccine-associated Sarcoma in Cats Reports of a sarcoma (a cancerous mass arising from bone, cartilage, fat or muscle) developing at the site of vaccine injection sites in some animals … Repeated injections into the same site can change the nature of the healthy layer of fat tissue under your skin so that insulin is not properly absorbed. No one knows why some cats develop feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS). It is best to administer the injections at approximately the same time(s) every day. Is this true, and what can we do to reduce the risk of your cat developing this aggressive mass? If it's grown to two centimeters very quickly, or if it is growing slowly and becomes larger that 2cm then investigation is needed, If a mass is increasing in size one month following injection, All of these are triggers that should prompt an investigation. Symptoms of a Fibrosarcoma in a Cat . 1. if the lump is growing one month after the injection, or. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their i … Very rarely, an injection-site mass is an aggressive cancer called a sarcoma. Need animal care? Those are all things that are not going to happen in a normal case. If you can’t do it, ask about other options. All our advice is freely accessible to everyone, wherever you are in the world. Today, among the spectrum of vaccine adverse events reported in dogs and cats, feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) ranks as the most serious. Make sure your cat is hydrated. It was first thought that these tumors were completely vaccine-related. Typically, an injection-site reaction is considered to be any pain, swelling, rash, bleeding, or redness that occurs at the site of an injection, although, serious reactions can occur (see sidebar 1). They can try and work out exactly where it is so that it can be removed completely during surgery. Have a vet check any lump that develops. Dogs and cats have an extensive potential subcutaneous space that can be used for the administration of drugs or fluids. Generally around 10-20 ml/kg of fluid can be given at a single SQ injection site (around 60-100 ml for an average sized cat). The difference in tumor location is a stark as a cat who survives with 3 legs, compared to a cat who dies as a result of the injection site sarcoma. The lump is usually just inflammation from the medication given at the site of injection and does not cause any long term health concerns. These tumors develop in areas where cats have received injections… The vaccines may make up a large percentage of vaccines while they are young. UF Health is a collaboration of the University of Florida Health Science Center, Shands hospitals and other health care entities. The commonly adopted technique and site for intramuscular injection in the cat are described, and the often resulting inadequacy and risk are discussed. - Ken. Because of this, fibrosarcomas are also referred to as injection site sarcomas or vaccine associated fibrosarcomas. They've been found around suture material that has been used in surgery. Or it may only begin hours after the injection. These tumors develop in about one in 10,000 to 30,000 vaccinated cats. Once an injection-site sarcoma has been diagnosed, other diagnostic tests are indicated prior to considering treatment. Having said that, it does appear that these tumors are more likely following leukemia and rabies vaccinations. Certain medical conditions can be controlled by the use of drugs that are only available in an injectable format. Thank you for visiting our website, we hope you have found our information useful. Start by pinching some loose skin along the back of your cat … The risk of disease is going to be higher than the risk of a tumor developing. 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