Much of this domestically produced tobacco was traded locally or intraregionally, but by the eighteenth century a thriving market had also developed for high-end tobacco leaf produced in specialized growing districts... From its earliest introduction in the late Ming period to its wide dispersal in the Qing era, NewWorld tobacco traveled inmultiple directions and alongmyriad paths to become “Chinese.” This process of transculturation was not unique to China, of course, but occurred at roughly the same pace in other parts of Eurasia where other peoplewere first learning to use Amerindian tobacco. 1950s ChinaState monopoly takes control of the tobacco business and foreign companies had to leave 1900China almost entirely penetrated by foreign tobacco companies 1858 ChinaTreaty of Tianjin allows cigarettes to be imported into China duty-free 1603 JapanUse of tobacco well- established 1600 IndiaTobacco introduced 1530–China Chiang Kai-shek, the party head, reformed the anti-drug commission under military departments to an independent section in charge of smoking elimination in the nation, and personnally took command. The Qing Administration originally tolerated opium importation because it created an indirect tax on Chinese subjects, while allowing the British to double tea exports from China to England. Carol Benedict Golden‐Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1550–2010.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Carol Benedict. The gradual geographical diffusion of commercial tobacco cultivation that occurred between 1600 and 1750 as outlined in chapter 2 resulted not only in a profusion of inexpensive local tobaccos but also in a... Tobacco usewas already pervasive throughout Chinawhen the machine-rolled cigarette first began to take hold in Chinese treaty ports toward the end of the nineteenth century. However, by 1820 the planting of tea in the Indian and African colonies, along with accelerated opium consumption, reversed the flow of silver, and the drug had poisoned thousands of Chinese civilians. Along the way, she analyzes the factors that have shaped China's highly gendered tobacco cultures, and shows how they have evolved within a broad, comparative world-historical framework. In contrast to early modern Europeans, who eventually consumed imported tobacco grown by enslaved laborers on colonial plantations and distributed by royal monopolies or government-chartered joint-stock companies, Chinese consumers for the most part smoked tobacco grown in China on countless small family farms spread across the empire. Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. China alone produces ten times more tobacco than the US. In some ways, the growing popularity of cigarettes in the late Qing and early Republican periods represented a remarkable transformation in consumer preferences in China, just as it did in other markets targeted by newly established transnational tobacco companies. Advertisements featuring fashionable courtesans, or sing-song girls of Shanghai around the 1920s testified that the imported habit was trendy in what was then one of Asia's biggest cities. Buy Golden-Silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1550-2010 by Carol Benedict (ISBN: 9780520262775) from Amazon's Book Store. In 1637, Qing 4 Nevertheless, China is classified as a “developing” country, and as such has not experienced the decline in tobacco‐related diseases that developed countries have observed since the 1980s. [Photo/tobaccochina.com]. Coming to the figure 430,000,000, he exclaimed, "That is where we are going to sell cigarettes." This book gives a detailed early history as well as a well-referenced account of the spread War and tobacco go hand in hand as you will soon see and in 1776 it was used by the revolutionaries as collateral for the loans they were getting from France. One-third of the world's smokers--over 350 million--now live in China, and they account for 25 percent of worldwide smoking-related deaths. Note: Browsers with 1024*768 or higher resolution are suggested for this site. A opium pipe confiscated during 1950s is on display at Shanghai Museum of Public Security in this undated photo. Now, more than a century later, with 350 million–plus smokers, the world’s most populous country has indeed become its largest consumer of manufactured tobacco products.² Although in the twentieth century, transnational corporations... 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